Reverse Osmosis
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Barnstead Diamond RO D12651 60L Reverse Osmosis System $399.99 |
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25 REVERSE OSMOSIS RO IN-LINE POST CARBON FILTERS $95.00 |
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6 REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER IN-LINE POST CARBON FILTER 2X10 $32.00 |
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3 REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER IN-LINE POST CARBON FILTER 2X10 $21.00 |
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Water World Post Inline GAC Water Filter Reverse Osmosis RO Ice 5PC $23.00 |
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5 REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER INLINE POST CARBON FILTER 2X10 $23.00 |
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10 REVERSE OSMOSIS RO IN-LINE POST CARBON FILTERS $46.00 |
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Compatible Reverse Osmosis Filters & Membrane for a CULLIGAN AC-30 AC30 system $45.00 |
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AQUARIUM RO+DI REVERSE OSMOSIS **7 Stages 100GPD 0ppm** $121.50 |
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MAXIMUS II **COMBO** 100GPD REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTER 6 STAGES GET PROTECTED! $251.95 |
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25 REVERSE OSMOSIS RO IN-LINE POST CARBON FILTERS $95.00 |
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WATER WORLD REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTER SYSTEM RO 50GPD $105.00 |
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5 Stage RO 100/150 gpd + UV Reverse Osmosis System Permeate Pump Water Filter $250.95 |
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7 Stage RO+DI+UV Reverse Osmosis System Water Filter/ 80 gpd membrane / Clear $244.95 |
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Compatible Reverse Osmosis Filters & Membrane for a CULLIGAN AC-30 AC30 system $45.94 |
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Reverse osmosis commercial/industral water factory equiptment $125.00 |
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AQUARIUM CORAL REEF RO & 2 DI REVERSE OSMOSIS PURE WATER FILTRATION SYSTEM RD102 $132.00 |
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RESIDENTIAL HOME HOUSEHOLD DRINKING PURE WATER RO REVERSE OSMOSIS FILTER SYSTEM $137.00 |
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REEF & HOME DRINKING RO+DI dual output REVERSE OSMOSIS PURE WATER FILTER SYSTEM $152.00 |
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New Reverse Osmosis Pure Drinking Water Filter System $139.98 |
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Reverse osmosis system Commercial-Industrial 1900 GPD $2,390.00 |
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COMPLETE 5 STAGE REVERSE OSMOSIS FILTER AND MEMBRANE SET $54.00 |
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COMPLETE FOUR STAGE REVERSE OSMOSIS UNIT. 36 GPD – PUREST WATER SYSTEM! $105.00 |
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COMPLETE FOUR STAGE REVERSE OSMOSIS UNIT. 75 GPD – PUREST WATER SYSTEM! $109.00 |
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Kenmore UltraFilter 100 Reverse osmosis Drinking Filter New in Box! $109.95 |
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(25) Reverse Osmosis Carbon Block Water Filter #FC15X25 $88.34 |
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1 Katadyn Pur Desalinator Reverse Osmosis Survivor 35 $875.00 |
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1 KATADYN PUR 35 DESALINATOR WATERMAKER REVERSE OSMOSIS $299.00 |
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20pc Sediment & Carbon Water Filters Reverse Osmosis RO 5 Micron $40.00 |
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1244746 – Genuine GE Merlin Reverse Osmosis Post Filter Replacement #1244746, Ne $30.76 |
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TW30-1812-50 – FilmTec 50 GPD Membrane For Standard Reverse Osmosis Systems, New $37.70 |
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New AFW Filters 5 Stage RO Reverse Osmosis Drinking Water Filter Built in USA $139.00 |
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Reverse Osmosis 3 Stage 100gpd Aquarium Marine Tropical Fish RO Compact System $110.19 |
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7 Stage RO+pH+UV Reverse Osmosis System Water Filter 100/150 gpd Clear Housings $254.95 |
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7 Stage RO+pH+UV Reverse Osmosis System Water Filter 100/150 gpd Membrane/Tank $249.95 |
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Reverse Osmosis Water Filter Storage Tank NSF 3.2 gal volume/2.8 capacity 9×15″ $38.00 |
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Reverse Osmosis Water Filter Storage Tank NSF 6.5gal volume/5.2 capacity 12X17″ $59.50 |
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Light Commerical Reverse Osmosis Water Filter System $388.00 |
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Kenmore 38476 UltraFilter RO Reverse Osmosis Filters $24.50 |
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KRYSTAL PURE Replacement Reverse Osmosis Membrane | 24 GPD TFC | Fast-USA-Ship $19.99 |
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GE General Electric “Smartwater” Reverse Osmosis System GXRM10RBL + Extras $120.00 |
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REVERSE OSMOSIS WATER FILTER STORAGE TANK 20 GALLONS $134.10 |
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Alkaline Reverse Osmosis $499.99 |
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Reverse Osmosis water filters System 5 stage 100 GPD $151.05 |
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Reverse Osmosis Water Filters Sediment/Carbon Block/GAC/Alkaline/Carbon (5 Pcs) $45.60 |
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5 Stage Reverse Osmosis Filter Replacement Set, gac, carbon and sediment. $29.00 |
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1-FILMTEC TW30-1812-75 Membrane Element REVERSE OSMOSIS $36.73 |
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Everpure LF-MODULE-SN Reverse Osmosis Air Gap Module SATIN NICKEL New in Box! $66.75 |
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WATER FILTER COMMERCIAL REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEM 1800 GPD $1,788.00 |
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Replacement Compatible CULLIGAN AC15 AC-15 Reverse Osmosis Filters & Membrane $53.95 |
Industrial Reverse Osmosis: Fundamentals of Reverse Osmosis Design
Industrial Reverse Osmosis (RO) is frequently used in industrial and commercial environments as a reliable and cost effective means of producing high purity water. While water purification is the predominant application for Industrial Reverse Osmosis, in some applications, for example the Food and Beverage industry, the “reject” of the reverse osmosis process is the desired product. A classic example of this is a facility that opts for reverse osmosis to concentrate fruit juice instead of a more traditional evaporative process.
Still other facilities use Industrial Reverse Osmosis as a means of concentrating wastewater streams thus minimizing the amount of waste that must be treated by the local municipality.
It should be clear then that the end use of the reverse osmosis process whether it be the permeate or the reject will define the overall design of the Industrial Reverse Osmosis Equipment.
No matter what the intended use of your Industrial Reverse Osmosis system there are four main components or building blocks that you will be combining in order to most effectively meet your overall process goals.
The Four Industrial Reverse Osmosis Equipment Components:
Element – Array (Train) – Stage – Pass
The RO Element is the building block of any RO system. It is the individual component, where the Reverse Osmosis (RO) process occurs.
There are four main designs for the elements:
•Spiral Wound – Most common design for water purification
•Hollow Fiber – Very large membrane surface areas are possible in this design. Used in seawater desalination
•Large Tube – Similar to a shell-and tube heat exchange in appearance and design. Used in special wastewater treatment and food processing applications
•Flat Plate – Similar to a plate-and frame heat exchanger. Used in food processing applications
Regardless of the element design, high pressure and flow is needed to force pure water through the Reverse Osmosis (RO) membrane to become permeate. Because of the high pressures needed, each element must be designed so that the internal structures can withstand a feed water pressure of several hundred psig.
The number of elements needed will be determined by the amount of the final product needed daily.
The RO Array is simply the way in which the elements are grouped together, in series or parallel.
An RO Stage is a series of elements linked together so that the reject (concentrated) water from stage 1 becomes the feed water for stage 2. (To view the associated diagrams please download the white paper) The individual elements in stage one can be set up in series or parallel, but their reject is all collected and is fed to stage 2. The reason for the reprocessing of the reject from stage 1 in stage 2 is to reduce wastewater, and to increase total recovery from the RO array.
A Reverse Osmosis (RO) Pass is an arrangement of elements designed so that the permeate from pass 1 becomes the feed water of pass 2. In other words, the permeate is re-processed (polished), so that the final product is more pure than can be achieved using only one pass. To view a diagram of a multi-pass Reverse Osmosis system – click here.
An RO Array (Train) is illustrated in the figure referenced above. It is the total configuration of elements in series and parallel, and may consist of one or more stages, (generally up to a maximum of three), and one or more passes (generally, up to two, although three have been seen). There may be several RO arrays in one application.
The final Industrial Reverse Osmosis Equipment design for any Food and Beverage plant design will depend upon:
•Final water or product quality required
•Daily amount of water or product needed
•Inlet feed water (product) quality
•Cost to treat wastewater
•Type of upstream feed water (process) treatment equipment
About the Author
An in-depth analysis of RO Design for the Food and Beverage industry is provided in the free ($97 value) Layne Christensen technical paper. Grab your copy of
Reverse Osmosis Design
while they are still available. For additional Reverse Osmosis Information visit
Industrial Reverse Osmosis
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Part 1 Theory of Reverse Osmosis units and how to optimize p